Franciscans in the Attic: The Strength of Material Ties Within Religious Dissident Networks
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.6092/issn.2533-2325/19099Parole chiave:
Beghine di Linguadoca, network, donne, inquisitori, movimenti ereticaliAbstract
This essay analyses the practice of material support among the actors of the dissident network known as the beguins of Languedoc, which was persecuted and nearly dismantled in the first half of the 14th century. The reasons why inquisitorial machinery focused on these instances, sometimes even to the detriment of more pressing doctrinal concerns will be discussed in the context of the social mapping and disruption that was central to inquisitorial efforts against heresy. The contribution of women will also be explored as a particular form of religious dissent, one that will be situated within the framework of religious experience, stressing the need to broaden our views on the nature of religious dissent itself.
Riferimenti bibliografici
Abels, Richard, and Ellen Harrison. “The participation of Women in Languedocian Catharism.” Medieval Studies 61 (1979): 214–251.
Arnold, John H. Inquisition and Power. Catharism and the Confessing Subject in Medieval Languedoc. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2001.
———. “Heresy and Gender in the Middle Ages.” In The Oxford Handbook of Women and Gender in Medieval Europe, edited by Judith M. Bennett and Ruth Mazo Karras, 496–510. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013.
Benedetti, Marina. “Frammenti di un discorso ereticale. Per una introduzione.” In Eretiche ed eretici medievali, edited by Marina Benedetti, 13–31. Rome: Carocci editore, 2023.
Biget, Jean-Louis. “Culte et rayonnement de Pierre Déjean Olieu en Languedoc au début du XIVe siècle.” In Pierre de Jean Olivi (1248–1298). Pensée scolastique, dissidence spirituelle et société, edited by Alain Boureau and Sylvain Piron, 277–308. Paris: Vrin, 1999.
Biget, Jean-Louis, Sylvie Caucanas, Michelle Fournié, and Daniel le Blévec, eds. Le “catharisme” en questions. Cahiers de Fanjeaux 55. Toulouse: Éditions Privat, 2020.
Biller, Peter. “Why no Food? Waldensian Followers in Bernard Gui’s Practica inquisitionis and culpe.” In Texts and the Repression of Medieval Heresy, edited by Caterina Bruschi and Peter Biller, 127–146. York Studies in Medieval Theology IV. York: York Medieval Press, 2003.
———. “Women and dissent.” In Medieval Holy Women in the Christian Tradition c.1100-c.1500, edited by A. Minnis and R. Voaden, 133–162. Turnhout: Brepols, 2010.
Boureau, Alain, and Sylvain Piron, eds. Pierre de Jean Olivi (1248-1298). Pensée scolastique, dissidence spirituelle et société. Paris: Vrin, 1999.
Brenon, Anne. “I catari di Linguadoca.”In Eretiche ed eretici medievali, edited by Marina Benedetti, 221–44. Rome: Carocci editore, 2023.
———. Les femmes cathares. Paris: Perrin, 1992.
Brown, Peter. The Cult of Saints: Its Rise and Function in Latin Christianity. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1982.
Bruschi, Caterina. “‘Magna diligentia est habenda per inquisitorem’: Precautions before Reading Doat 21—26”. In Texts and the Repression of Medieval Heresy, edited by Caterina Bruschi and Peter Biller, 81—110. York: York Medieval Press, 2003.
Burnham, Louisa A. So Great a Light, So Great a Smoke. The Beguin Heretics of Languedoc. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2008.
Burr, David. “Olivi, Prous, and the Separation of Apocalypse from Escathology.” In That Others May Know and Love, edited by Michael Cusato and F. Edward Coughlin, 285–305. St Bonaventure, NY: Franciscan Institute, 1997.
———. Olivi’s Peaceable Kingdom. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1993.
———. The Spiritual Franciscans. From Protest to Persecution in the Century After Saint Francis. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2001.
Bynum, Caroline W. Holy Feast and Holy Fast: The Religious Significance of Food to Medieval Women. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987.
Cardon, Dominique. “Le pastel en Languedoc, une histoire qui ne finit jamais.” Annales du Midi: revue archéologique, historique et philologique de la France méridionale 132, nos. 309–310 (2020): 69–88.
Cersovsky, Eva-Maria. “Ubi non est mulier, ingemiscit egens?: Gendered Perceptions of Care from the Thirteenth to Sixteenth Centuries.” In Gender, Health, and Healing, 1250–1550, edited by Sharon Strocchia and Sara Ritchey, 191–214 (Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2020.
Chiffoleau, Jacques. La comptabilité de l’au-delà: les hommes, la mort et la religion dans la région d’Avignon à la fin du Moyen Âge (vers 1320 – vers 1480). Paris: Albin Michel, 2011.
Cusato, Michael F., and Dabney Park (eds.). Poverty, Eschatology and the Medieval Church. Studies in Honor of David Burr. Leiden: Brill, 2023.
Davis, Adam J. The Medieval Economy of Salvation: Charity, Commerce, and the Rise of the Hospital (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2019).
———. “The Social and Religious Meanings of Charity in Medieval Europe.” History Compass 12 (2014): 935–50. doi: 10.1111/hic3.12207.
Douglas, Mary. “Deciphering a meal.” In Food and Culture: A Reader, edited by Carole Counihan and Penny Van Esterik, 36–54. New York–London: Routledge, 1997.
Ehrle, Franz. “Anklageschrift der Communität gegen die Spiritualen und im besondern gegen fr. Petrus Johannis Olivi (vom 1. März 1311).” In Archiv für Literatur- und Kirchengeschichte des Mittelalters, edited by Heinrich Denifle, and Franz Ehrle, Vol. 2, 365–74. Berlin: Weidmannsche, 1886.
Fishler, Claude. “Commensality, Society, and Culture.” Social Science Information 50, nos. 3–4 (2011): 528–48.
Fournié, Michelle Daniel Le Blévec, and Catherine Vincent, eds. Corps saints et reliques dans le Midi. Cahiers de Fanjeaux 53. Toulouse: Éditions Privat, 2018.
Ginzburg, Carlo. “The Inquisitor as Anthropologist.” In Clues, Myths, and the Historical Method, translated by J. and A. Tedeschi, 141–48. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1989.
Hancke, Gwendoline. Les Belles Hérétiques. Être femme, noble et cathare. Castelnaud-la-Chapelle: L’Hydre Éditions, 2001.
Haseldine, David. “Early Dominican Hagiography.” New Blackfriars 75, no. 885 (1994): 400–14.
Jönsson, Håkan, Maxime Michaud, and Niklas Neuman. “What Is Commensality? A Critical Discussion of an Expanding Research Field.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18 (2021). doi: 10.3390/ijerph18126235. Last accessed 31 January 2024.
Kelley, Emily and Cynthia Turner Camp, eds. Saints as Intercessors Between the Wealthy and the Divine: Art and Hagiography Among the Medieval Merchant Classes. London: Routledge, 2019.
Little, Lester K. Religious Poverty and the Profit Economy in Medieval Europe. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, reprint edition 1983.
Manselli, Raoul. La ‘Lectura super Apocalypsim’ di Pietro di Giovanni Olivi. Rome: Istituto Storico Italiano per il Medio Evo, 1955.
Marandet, Marie-Claude. “Le pastel en Lauragais à la fin du Moyen Âge : un état des lieux,” Annales du Midi: revue archéologique, historique et philologique de la France méridionale 132, nos. 309–310 (2020): 47–68.
McGowan, Andrew. Ascetic Eucharists: Food and Drink in Early Christian Ritual Meals. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1999.
McSheffrey, Shannon. Gender and Heresy. Women and Men in Lollard Communities, 1420-1530. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1995.
Méndez-Montoya, Angel F. Theology of Food: Eating and the Eucharist. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, 2009.
Mills, Robert. “The Signification of the Tonsure.” In Holiness and Masculinity in the Middle Ages, edited by P.H. Cullum and Katherine J. Lewis, 109–26. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 2004.
Montefusco, Antonio. Contestazione e pietà. Dissenso, memoria e devozione negli Spirituali francescani (XIII-XIV secolo). Milan: Libreria francescana, 2023.
Nieto-Isabel, Delfi I. “Beguines, Free Spirits, and the Inquisitorial Network Conundrum.” Oliviana 7 (2023). Last accessed 30 January 2024. URL: https://journals.openedition.org/oliviana/1596.
———. “Beliefs in Progress: The Beguins of Languedoc and the Construction of a New Heretical Identity.” SVMMA. Revista de Cultures Medievals 15 (2020): 95–117.
———. “Communities of Dissent. Social Network Analysis of Religious Dissident Groups in Languedoc in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries.” PhD. diss., Universitat de Barcelona, 2018.
———. “Following the Heart: Relics, Martyrdom and the Relational Space among the Beguins of Languedoc.” In Poverty, Eschatology and the Medieval Church. Studies in Honor of David Burr, edited by Michael F. Cusato and Dabney Park, 392–420. The Medieval Franciscans 22. Leiden–Boston: Brill, 2023.
Nieto-Isabel, Delfi I., and Carlos López-Arenillas. “From inquisition to inquiry: inquisitorial records as a source for social network analysis”. In Digital Humanities and Christianity, edited by Tim Hutchings and Claire Clivaz, 195—212. Berlin: De Gruyter, 2021.
Perarnau i Espelt, Josep. “Beguins de Vilafranca del Penedès davant el tribunal d’inquisició (1345–1346). De captaires a banquers?” Arxiu de Textos Catalans Antics 28 (2009): 7–210.
Pihko, Saku. “A Taste of Dissent: Experiences of Blessed Bread as a Dimension of Lived Religion in Thirteenth- and Early Fourteenth-Century Languedoc.” In Histories of Experience in the World of Lived Religion, edited by Sari Katajala-Peltomaa and Raisa Maria Toivo, 63–90. Palgrave Studies in the History of Experience. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2022.
———. “The Construction of Information in Medieval Inquisition Records: A Methodological Reconsideration.” I Quaderni del m.æ.s. - Journal of Mediæ Ætatis Sodalicium 22 1s (2024), 165-189. doi: 10.6092/issn.2533-2325/19030.
Piron, Sylvain, ed. “Inquisitoris sententia contra combustos in Massilia.” Oliviana 2 (2006). Accessed 5 October 2016. URL: http://oliviana.revues.org/36.
———. “Michael Monachus. Inquisitoris sententia contra combustos in Massilia. Présentation.” Oliviana 2 (2006). Accessed 5 October 2016. URL: http://oliviana.revues.org/33.
Sagne, Jean-Claude. La Symbolique du Repas dans les Communautés. Paris: Le Cerf, 2009.
Sennis, Antonio, ed. Cathars in Question. Heresy and Inquisition in the Middle Ages 4. Woodbridge: York Medieval Press, 2016.
Shahar, Shulamith. Women in a Medieval Heretical Sect. Agnes and Huguette the Waldensians. Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer, 2001.
Spufford, Peter. Money and its Use in Medieval Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.
Steckel, Sita. “Hypocrites! Critiques of Religious Movements and Criticism of the Church, 1050-1300.” In Between Orders and Heresy. Rethinking Medieval Religious Movements, edited by Jennifer Kolpacoff Deane and Anne E. Lester, 79–126. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2022.
Torres Santo Domingo, Marta. La Biblioteca de la Universidad de Madrid, 1898-1939. Biblioteca Histórica, documento de trabajo 2000, no. 1. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 2000.
Vicaire, Marie-Humbert. “La place des œuvres de miséricorde dans la pastorale en Pays d’oc.” In Assistance et charité. Cahiers de Fanjeaux 13, 21–44. Toulouse: Éditions Privat, 1978.
Downloads
Pubblicato
Come citare
Fascicolo
Sezione
Licenza
Copyright (c) 2024 Delfi Nieto-Isabel
Questo lavoro è fornito con la licenza Creative Commons Attribuzione 4.0 Internazionale.
