Constructing ‘Orthodoxy’, Creating Identity. The Sermons of Master Alan of Lille (d. 1202/03)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.6092/issn.2533-2325/19029Parole chiave:
Alano di Lille, scuole del 12esimo secolo, Parigi, sermoni, ortodossiaAbstract
This paper suggests a fresh look at the sermons of Alan of Lille, teaching Arts and Theology in Paris in the second half of the 12th century. It takes two recently developed concepts as a starting point: Firstly, Clare Monagle’s thesis of the “Scholastic Project”, which highlights the socially exclusive effects of scholasticism; secondly, the concept of “blurred boundaries” between ‘orthodoxy’ and ‘heresy’ that helps bearing in mind the fluid character of ‘orthodoxy’. Rather than being a homogenous entity, it is equally as instable as ‘heterodoxy’, and subject to the interests of its proponents. This is of particular importance for the period considered here, in which the Paris masters had not yet acquired the status of theological experts as the later university masters would have. Against this background, this paper argues that Alan did not only disseminate theological doctrine, but at the same time contributed to his self-fashioning as an orthodox theologian in a time of transition at the Paris schools. It becomes clear how the promotion of ‘orthodoxy’ is linked to social and personal circumstances.
Riferimenti bibliografici
Alverny, Marie-Thérèse d’. Alain de Lille: Textes inédits, avec une introduction sur sa vie et ses œuvres. Études de philosophie médiévale 52. Paris: Vrin, 1965.
Alverny, Marie-Thérèse d’. “Un sermon d’Alain de Lille sur la misère de l’homme.” In Pensée médiévale en occident: Théologie, magie et autres textes des XIIe-XIIIe siècles, ed. Charles Burnett, 515–35. Variorum Collected Studies Series 511. Aldershot: Variorum, 1995, 515–35.
Andrée, Alexander. “Sacra Pagina: Theology and the Bible from the School of Laon to the School of Paris.” In A Companion to Twelfth-Century Schools, ed. Cédric Giraud, Brill’s Companions to the Christian Tradition 88. Leiden, Boston: Brill, 2020, 272–314.
Bain, Emmanuel. “Les hérétiques du prince: Alain de Lille et les hérétiques méridionaux.” In Le »Catharisme« en questions, ed. Jean-Louis Biget, Cahiers de Fanjeaux 55. Fanjeaux, 2020, 173–96.
Baldwin, John W. Masters, Princes and Merchants: The Social Views of Peter the Chanter and His Circle. 2 vols. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press, 1970.
Baldwin, John W. “Masters at Paris from 1179 to 1215: A Social Perspective.” In Renaissance and Renewal in the Twelfth Century, eds. Robert L. Benson, Giles Constable and Carol D. Lanham, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1982, 138–72.
Baldwin, John W. The Government of Philip Augustus: Foundations of French Royal Power in the Middle Ages. Berkeley, Calif.: Univ. of California Press, 1986.
Benson, Robert Louis, Giles Constable, and Carol Dana Lanham, eds. Renaissance and Renewal in the Twelfth Century. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1982.
Bériou, Nicole. L’avènement des maîtres de la parole: La prédication à Paris au XIIIe siècle. Vol. 1. Collection des études Augustiniennes. Moyen âge et temps modernes 31. Paris: Inst. d’Études Augustiennes, 1998.
Bieniak, Magdalena. “Stefano Langton sulla volontà sensitiva in Cristo.” Przegląd Tomistyczny/ The Thomistic Revue 22, 2016, 55–72.
Biller, Peter. “Northern Cathars and Higher Learning.” In The Medieval Church: Universities, Heresy, and the Religious Life. Essays in Honour of Gordon Leff, ed. Peter Biller and Richard B. Dobson, Studies in Church History. Subsidia 11. Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 1999, 25–53.
Bird, Jessalynn L. “The Construction of Orthodoxy and the (De)Construction of Heretical Attacks on the Eucharist in Pastoralia from Peter the Chanter’s Circle in Paris.” In Texts and the Repression of Medieval Heresy, eds. Caterina Bruschi and Peter Biller, York Studies in Medieval Theology 4. Woodbridge: York Medieval Press, 2003, 45–61.
Bird, Jessalynn L. “The Wheat and the Tares: Peter the Chanter’s Circle and the Fama-Based Inquest Against Heresy and Criminal Sins, C. 1198–c. 1235.” In Proceedings of the Twelfth International Congress of Medieval Canon Law, ed. Uta-Renate Blumenthal. Monumenta iuris canonici C/ 13. Città del Vaticano : Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, 2008, 763–856.
Chiu, Hilbert. “Alan of Lille’s Academic Concept of the Manichee.” Journal of Religious History 35, no. 4 (2011): 492–506.
Clark, Mark J. “Peter Lombard, Stephen Langton, and the School of Paris: The Making of the Twelfth-Century Scholastic Biblical Tradition.” In Traditio 72 (2017), 171–274.
Crossnoe, Marshall E. “The Regular Canons of Saint-Victor in the World of Louis VII.” In Louis VII and His World, ed. Michael L. Bardot and Laurence W. Marvin, Later Medieval Europe 18. Leiden, Boston: Brill, 2018, 126–145.
Courcelle, Pierre. Connais-toi toi-même: De Socrate à Saint Bernard. 3 vols. Paris: Études Augustiennes, 1974–1975.
Deane, Jennifer Kolpacoff and Anne Elisabeth Lester, “Introduction: Religion and Religious Worlds in Between.” In Between Orders and Heresy: Rethinking Medieval Religious Movements, eds. Jennifer K. Deane and Anne E. Lester. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2022, 3–22.
Delcorno, Pietro, Eleonora Lombardo, and Lorenza Tromboni. “Introduzione: I sermoni quaresimali. Digiuno del corpo, banchetto dell’anima.” In I sermoni quaresimali. Digiuno del corpo, banchetto dell’anima, eds. Pietro Delcorno, Eleonora Lombardo and Lorenza Tromboni, Memorie domenicane 48. Firenze: Nerbini, 2017, 9–15.
Delius, Walter. Geschichte der Marienverehrung. München, Basel: Reinhardt, 1963.
Destemberg, Antoine. L’honneur des universitaires au Moyen Âge: Étude d’imaginaire social. Le nœud gordien. Paris: Presses Univ. de France, 2015.
Dinzelbacher, Peter. Structures and Origins of the Twelfth-Century “Renaissance”. Monographien zur Geschichte des Mittelalters 63. Stuttgart: Anton Hiersemann, 2017.
D’Onofrio, Giulio. “Alano di Lilla e la teologia,” In Alain de Lille, le docteur universel: Philosophie, théologie et littérature au XIIe siècle, eds. Jean-Luc Solère, Anca Vasiliu and Alain Galonnier, Rencontres de philosophie médiévale 12. Turnhout: Brepols, 2005, 289–337.
Doyle, Matthew. Peter Lombard and his Students, Studies and Texts 201 (Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, 2016).
Ferruolo, Stephen C. The Origins of the University: The Schools of Paris and Their Critics, 1100–1215. Stanford, Calif.: Univ. Press, 1985.
Gabriel, Astrik Ladislas. “The Cathedral Schools of Notre-Dame and the Beginning of the University of Paris.” In Garlandia. Studies in the History of the Mediaeval University (Notre Dame, Ind.: The Mediaeval Inst., Univ. of Notre Dame; Frankfurt a.M.: Knecht, 1969), 39–64.
Giraud, Cédric. “L’école de Saint-Victor dans la première moitié du XIIe siècle, entre école monastique et école cathédrale,” In L’école de Saint-Victor de Paris. Influence et rayonnement, ed. Dominique Poirel, Bibliotheca victorina 22 (Turnhout: Brepols, 2010), 101–119.
Giraud, Cédric, ed. A Companion to Twelfth-Century Schools. Brill’s Companions to the Christian Tradition 88. Leiden, Boston: Brill, 2020.
Glorieux, Palémon. “Alain de Lille, docteur de l’assomption.” In Mélanges de science religieuse 8, 1951, 5–18.
Glorieux, Palémon. “Le ‘Contra quatuor labyrinthos Franciae’ de Gauthier de Saint-Victor.” In Archives d’histoire doctrinale et littéraire du Moyen Âge 19 (1952) 187–335.
Gorochov, Nathalie. Naissance de l’université: Les écoles de Paris d’Innocent III à Thomas d’Aquin (v. 1200–v. 1245). Études d’histoire médiévale 14. Paris: Champion, 2012.
Gössmann, Elisabeth. “Reflexionen zur mariologischen Dogmengeschichte.” In Maria - Abbild oder Vorbild? Zur Sozialgeschichte mittelalterlicher Marienverehrung, eds. Hedwig Röckelein, Claudia Opitz and Dieter R. Bauer, Tübingen: Ed. Diskord, 1990, 19–36.
Greule, Anne. “Curiositas und Wissbegier im Predigtœuvre des Alain von Lille.” In Curiositas, eds. Andreas Speer and Robert M. Schneider, Miscellanea Mediaevalia 42. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2022, 267–91.
Greule, Anne. “Prediger der Transformation: Alain von Lille und die Pariser Schulen in der zweiten Hälfte des 12. Jahrhunderts.” Dissertation: Jena, 2022.
Große, Rolf. “Entre cour et cloître: Saint-Victor et les Capétiens au XIIe siècle.” In L'École de Saint-Victor de Paris. Influence et rayonnement, ed. Dominique Poirel, Bibliotheca victorina 22. Turnhout: Brepols, 2010, 79–100.
Häring, Nikolaus M. “Alan of Lille’s De Fide Catholica or Contra Haereticos.” Analecta Cisterciensia 32, 1976, 216–37.
Hosler, John D. “The War Councils and Military Advisers of Louis VII of France,“ In Louis VII and His World, ed. Michael L. Bardot and Laurence W. Marvin, Later Medieval Europe 18 (Leiden, Boston: Brill, 2018), 11–28.
Jaeger, Charles Stephen. “Pessimism in the Twelfth-Century “Renaissance”.” In Speculum 78, no. 4 (2003), 1151–83.
Kienzle, Beverly Mayne. Cistercians, Heresy and Crusade in Occitania, 1145-1229: Preaching in the Lord’s Vineyard. York: York Medieval Press, 2001.
Kouamé, Thierry. “Monachus non doctoris, sed plangentis habet officium: L’autorité de Jérôme dans le débat sur l’enseignement des moines aux XIe et XIIe siècles.” In Le système d’enseignement occidental (XIe–XVIe siècle), ed. Thierry Kouamé, Cahiers de recherches médiévales 18. Paris, 2009, 9–38.
Kouamé, Thierry. “L’école cathédrale,” In Notre-Dame de Paris. Une cathédrale dans la ville. Des origines à nos jours, eds. Boris Bove and Claude Gauvard (Paris: Belin, 2022), 163–187.
Kramer, Susan R. “The Priest in the House of Conscience: Sins of Thought and the Twelfth-Century Schoolmen.” Viator 37 (2006), 149–66.
Lamy, Marielle. “La doctrine mariale des maîtres parisiens au tournant des XIIe et XIIIe siècles.” In Notre-Dame de Paris, 1163–2013: Actes du colloque scientifique tenu au Collège des Bernardins, à Paris, du 12 au 15 décembre 2012, eds. Cédric Giraud and Véronique Julerot, Turnhout: Brepols, 2013, 97–112.
Longère, Jean. Œuvres oratoires de maîtres parisiens au XIIe siècle: Étude historique et doctrinale. Vol. 1: Texte. Paris: Études augustiniennes, 1975.
Longère, Jean. Œuvres oratoires de maîtres parisiens au XIIe siècle: Étude historique et doctrinale. Vol. 2: Notes. Paris: Études augustiniennes, 1975.
Longère, Jean. “Théologie et pastorale de la pénitence chez Alain de Lille.” In Cîteaux 30 (1979), 125–88.
Longère, Jean. “Alain de Lille, théologien de la pénitence.” In Alain de Lille, Gautier de Châtillon, Jakemart Giélée et leur temps, ed. Henri Roussel, Lille: Presses Univ. de Lille, 1980, 101-12.
Longère, Jean. “Fastenpredigten.” Lexicon des Mittelalters 4 (1989), 310–12.
Longère, Jean. “Alain de Lille, prédicateur.” In Les sermons au temps de la Renaissance, ed. Marie T. Jones-Davies, Université de Paris-Sorbonne, Société Internationale de Recherches Interdisciplinaires sur la Renaissance, SIRIR 24. Paris: Klincksieck, 1999, 125–42.
Longère, Jean. “Un sermon d’Alain de Lille († 1203) pour la fête de l’annonciation: Gloriosa dicta sunt de te, ciuitas Dei (Ps. 86, 3).” In Fons lucis: Miscellanea di studi in onore di Ermanno M. Toniolo, eds. Rosella Barbieri, Ignazio M. Calabuig and Ornella di Angelo, Scripta Pontificiae facultatis theologicae Marianum 58. Rom: Marianum, 2004, 393–408.
Monagle, Clare. Orthodoxy and Controversy in Twelfth-Century Religious Discourse. Peter Lombard’s ‘Sentences’ and the Development of Theology, Europa sacra 8. Turnhout: Brepols, 2013.
Monagle, Clare. The Scholastic Project. Past imperfect series. Kalamazoo: Arc Humanities Press, 2017.
Moore, Robert I. The Formation of a Persecuting Society: Authority and Deviance in Western Europe, 950–1250. Malden, Mass.: Blackwell, 22007.
Muessig, Carolyn, ed. Preacher, Sermon and Audience in the Middle Ages. A New History of the Sermon 3. Leiden, Boston: Brill, 2002.
Nieto-Isabel, Delfi I., “Introduction. All but Marginal: The Co-Constructions of Otherness in the Middle Ages.” In Living on the Edge. Transgression, Exclusion, and Persecution in the Middle Ages, eds. Delfi I. Nieto-Isabel and Laura Miquel Milian. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2022, 3–19.
Pearson, Joseph H. “The Anti-Jewish Polemic of Alan of Lille.” In Alain de Lille, le docteur universel: Philosophie, théologie et littérature au XIIe siècle, eds. Jean-Luc Solère, Anca Vasiliu and Alain Galonnier, Rencontres de philosophie médiévale 12. Turnhout: Brepols, 2005, 83–106.
Rashdall, Hastings. The Universities of Europe in the Middle Ages: Vol. 1, eds. Frederick M. Powicke and Alfred B. Emden. Oxford, 1936.
Raynaud de Lage, Guy. Alain de Lille: Poète du XIIe siècle. Montreal, Paris: Institut d’Études Médiévales, 1951.
Rexroth, Frank. Fröhliche Scholastik: Die Wissenschaftsrevolution des Mittelalters. München: C.H.Beck, 2018.
published in English: Knowledge True and Useful: A Cultural History of Early Scholasticism (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2023).
Rexroth, Frank. “Reformen gegen den Eigensinn: Die Pariser Statuten 1215 und der Konservatismus der frühen Universitätsgeschichte.” In Universität - Reform: Ein Spannungsverhältnis von langer Dauer (12.‒21. Jahrhundert), ed. Stefan Hynek et al., Veröffentlichungen der Gesellschaft für Universitäts- und Wissenschaftsgeschichte 14. Basel: Schwabe Verlag Basel, 2018, 23–50.
Rexroth, Frank, and Teresa Schröder-Stapper, eds. Experten, Wissen, Symbole: Performanz und Medialität vormoderner Wissenskulturen. Historische Zeitschrift. Beiheft 71. Berlin, Boston, 2018.
Siri, Francesco. “Et natura mediocritatis est amica: Empreintes philosophiques dans la prédication d’Alain de Lille.” In Revue des sciences philosophiques et théologiques 97, 2013, 299–343.
Siri, Francesco. “Lectio, disputatio, reportatio: Note su alcune pratiche didattiche nel XII secolo e sulla loro trasmissione.” In Medioevo e filosofia: Per Alfonso Maierù, eds. Massimiliano Lenzi, Cesare A. Musatti and Luisa Valente, I libri di Viella 150. Rom, 2013. 109–28.
Söll, Georg. “Maria in der Geschichte von Theologie und Frömmigkeit.” In Handbuch der Marienkunde, eds. Wolfgang Beinert and Heinrich Petri, Regensburg: Pustet, 1984, 93–231.
Steckel, Sita. Kulturen des Lehrens im Früh- und Hochmittelalter: Autorität, Wissenskonzepte und Netzwerke von Gelehrten. Norm und Struktur 39. Köln: Böhlau, 2011.
Trout, John M. “Alan the Missionary.” Cîteaux 26, no. 3, 1975, 146–54.
Verger, Jacques. “Des écoles à l’université: la mutation institutionnelle.” In La France de Philippe Auguste, ed. Robert-Henri Bautier, Colloques internationaux du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 602. Paris, 1982, 817–46.
Verger, Jacques. “A propos de la naissance de l’université de Paris: Contexte social, enjeu politique, portée intellectuelle.” In Schulen und Studium im sozialen Wandel des hohen und späten Mittelalters, ed. Johannes Fried, Vorträge und Forschungen 30. Sigmaringen: Thorbecke, 1986, 69–96.
Verger, Jacques. “De l’école d’Abélard aux premières universités.” In Pierre Abélard: Colloque International De Nantes, eds. Jean Jolivet and Henri Habrias, Collection “Histoire”. Rennes, 2003, 17–28.
Verger, Jacques. “Que sait-on des institutions universitaires parisiennes avant 1245?” In Les débuts de l’enseignement universitaire à Paris (1200–1245 environ), eds. Jacques Verger and Olga Weijers, Studia artistarum 38. Turnhout: Brepols, 2013, 27–47.
Walther, Helmut G. “St. Victor und die Schulen von Paris vor der Entstehung der Universität.” In Schule und Schüler im Mittelalter. Beiträge zur europäischen Bildungsgeschichte des 9. bis 15. Jahrhunderts, ed. Martin Kintzinger, Archiv für Kulturgeschichte. Beihefte 42. Köln: Böhlau, 1996, 53–74.
Wei, Ian P. Intellectual Culture in Medieval Paris: Theologians and the University, c. 1100–1330. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2012.
Weijers, Olga. A Scholar’s Paradise: Teaching and Debating in Medieval Paris. Studies on the Faculty of Arts 2. Turnhout: Brepols, 2015.
Weimar, Peter, ed. Die Renaissance der Wissenschaften im 12. Jahrhundert. Zürcher Hochschulforum 2. Zürich: Artemis-Verlag, 1981.
Winzer, Ulrich. S. Gilles. Studien zum Rechtsstatus und Beziehungsnetz einer Abtei im Spiegel ihrer Memorialüberlieferung. Münstersche Mittelalter-Schriften 59. München: Fink, 1988.
Downloads
Pubblicato
Come citare
Fascicolo
Sezione
Licenza
Copyright (c) 2024 Anne Greule
TQuesto lavoro è fornito con la licenza Creative Commons Attribuzione 4.0 Internazionale.
