Visualizing the Reform: Examining Modena Cathedral’s Porta dei Principi for Traces of the Gregorian Reform
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.6092/issn.2533-2325/19498Parole chiave:
Modena, Porta dei Principi, Matilde di Canossa, Riforma GregorianaAbstract
In the vein of Ernst Kitzinger, Kirstin Noreen, and Anat Tcherikover’s work on art of the Gregorian Reform, as well as H.E.J. Cowdrey’s work on the networks of the Gregorian Reform, this paper will explore the aesthetic manifestations the eleventh-century papal reform by examining the iconographic content of relief sculptures on the Porta dei Principi of the cathedral of Modena for pro-papal imagery. On the lintel of the entranceway is the life of the city’s patron saint and fourth-century bishop, Geminianus, which regales viewers of the bishop-saint’s heroism while exorcising evil from within the royal court. By examining the imagery upon the doorway in conjunction with contemporary descriptions such as the Relatio de Innovatione Ecclesie Sancti Geminiani, this paper will investigate potential visual links between the iconography of the cathedral and the Gregorian Reform.
Riferimenti bibliografici
Bibliography
Primary sources
Modena, Archivio Capitolare Di Modena, MS. O.II.11.
Antiche vite di S. Geminiano: vescovo e protettore di Modena, ed. by Pietro Bortolotti, in Monumenti di storia patria della provincia modenese, 14: Cronache. Modena: G.T. Vincenzi, 1886.
Bede, Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum, ed. by C. Plummer. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1896.
Die Urkunden und Briefe der Markgräfin Mathilde von Tuszien, ed. by Elke & Werner Goez. MGH Diplomata: Laienfürsten- und Dynastenurkunden der Kaiserzeit, 2. Hannover: Hahnsche Buchhandlung, 1998.
Epistolae pontificum Romanorum ineditae, ed. by Samuel Loewenfeld. Charleston: BiblioLife, 2010.
Paschalis II, Concilium Guastallense (1106 Oct. 22), ed. by Ludwig Weiland. In: MGH Leges: Constitutiones et Acta Publica Imperatorum et Regum, vol. 1, 564-66. Hannover: Harassowitz, 1893.
Relatio transationis corporis sancti Geminiani, ed. by Ludovico Antonio Muratori. In: Rerum Italicarum Scriptores, 6: 3-8. Città di Castello: S. Lapi, 1724.
The Register of Pope Gregory VII, 1073-1085: An English Translation, ed. by Herbert E.J. Cowdrey. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.
The Early Councils of Pope Paschal II, 1100-1110, ed. by Uta-Renate Blumenthal. Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, 1978.
Vita di san Geminiano, vescovo e protettore di Modena, ed by. Pellegrino Rossi. Modena: Francesco Torri, 1736.
Secondary Sources
Al Kalak, Matteo. Il sepolcro del Santo 1106-1955: dalla Relatio all’ultima apertura. Modena: Poligrafico Mucchi, 2004.
Al Kalak, Matteo. Relatio de innovatione ecclesie Sancti Geminiani: storia di una cattedrale. Modena: Poligrafico Mucchi, 2004.
Armandi Barbolini, Marina, ed. Lanfranco e Wiligelmo. Il Duomo di Modena. Modena: Panini, 1984.
Ayres, Larry M. “An Italianate Episode in Romanesque Bible Illumination at Weingarten Abbey”. Gesta 24/2 (1985): 121–28. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/766969.
Bornstein, Christine Verzár. “Matilda of Canossa, Papal Rome, and the Earliest Italian Porch Portals”. In: Romanico padano, romanico Europeo. Convegno internazionale di studi (Modena-Parma, 26 ottobre - 1 novembre 1977), ed. Arturo Carlo Quintavalle, 143–58. Parma: Università degli Studi di Parma, 1982.
Bornstein, Christine Verzár. Portals and Politics in the Early Italian City-State: The Sculpture of Nicholaus in Context. Parma: Centro di studi medievale, 1990.
Braun, Joseph. Die liturgische Gewandung im Occident und Orient: nach Ursprung und Entwicklung, Verwendung und Symbolik. Freiburg im Breisgau: Herder, 1907.
Castelnuovo, Enrico. “Flores cum beluis comixtos. I portali della cattedrale di Modena”. In: Lanfranco e Wiligelmo. Il Duomo di Modena, ed. Marina Armandi Barbolini. Modena: Panini, 1984.
Coon, Lynda L. “The Rhetorical Uses of Clothing in the Lives of Sacred Males”. In: Lynda L. Coon, Sacred Fictions: Holy Women and Hagiography in Late Antiquity, 52–70. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1997.
Duchesne, Louis. Origines du culte chrétien: étude sur la liturgie latine avant Charlemagne. Paris: A. Fontemoing, 1920.
Frison, Carluccio. “Dodone”. In: Dizionario biografico degli Italiani, 40. Roma: Istituto dell'Enciclopedia italiana, 1991. https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/dodone_res-780001ac-87ec-11dc-8e9d-0016357eee51_%28Dizionario-Biografico%29/ (26/10/2024)
Fumagalli, Vito. “Economia, Società e istituzioni nei secoli XI-XII nel territorio modenese.” In: Lanfranco e Wiligelmo. Il Duomo di Modena, ed. Marina Armandi Barbolini, 37–116. Modena: Panini, 1984.
Fumagalli, Vito. “Mantova al tempo di Matilde di Canossa.” In: Sant’Anselmo, Mantova e la lotta per le investiture. Convegno internazionale di studi (Mantova, 23-25 maggio 1986), ed. Paolo Golinelli, 159–67. Bologna: Patron, 1987.
Gilchrist, Roberta. “Clothing the Body: Age, Sexuality and Transitional Rites”. In: Roberta Gilchrist, Medieval Life: Archaeology and the Life Course, 68-113. Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer, 2012.
Glass, Dorothy F. Italian Romanesque Sculpture: An Annotated Bibliography. Boston: G.K. Hall, 1983.
Glass, Dorothy F. Portals, Pilgrimage, and Crusade in Western Tuscany. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1997.
Glass, Dorothy F. “Prophecy and Priesthood at Modena.” Zeitschrift Für Kunstgeschichte, 63/3 (2000): 326–38.
Glass, Dorothy F. The Sculpture of Reform in North Italy, ca. 1095-1130: History and Patronage of Romanesque Façades. Farnham Surrey: Ashgate, 2017.
Golinelli, Paolo. “Cultura e religiosità a Modena e Nonantola nell’alto e pieno Medioevo.” In Lanfranco e Wiligelmo. Il Duomo di Modena, ed. Marina Armandi Barbolini, 121–40. Modena: Panini, 1984.
Harrsen, Meta. “Pope Gregory the Great as Guardian of the Apostolic Relics”. Nederlands Kunsthistorisch Jaarboek, 5 (1954): 305-307.
Healy, Patrick. The Chronicle of Hugh of Flavigny: Reform and the Investiture Contest in the Late Eleventh Century. London: Routledge, 2016.
Izbicki, Thomas M. “Linteamenta Altaria: The Care of Altar Linens in the Medieval Church”. Medieval Clothing and Textiles, 12 (2016): 41-60.
Klein, Bruno. “Romanesque Cathedral in Northern Italy: Building Processes between Bishop and Commune”. In: Romanesque: Patrons and Processes, eds. Jordi Camps i Sòria, Manuel A. Castiñeiras, John McNeill, and Richard Plant, 107-117. New York: Routledge, 2018.
McCulloh, John M. “The Cult of Relics in the Letters and dialogues of Pope Gregory the Great: A Lexicographical Study.” Traditio, 32 (1976): 145–84.
Miller, Maureen C. “From Episcopal to Communal Palaces: Places and Power in Northern Italy (1000-1250)”. Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 54/2 (1995): 175–85. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/990966.
Miller, Maureen C. “The Episcopal Residence in the Central Middle Ages: The Bishop’s Palace”. In The Bishop’s Palace: Architecture and Authority in Medieval Italy, 86-122. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2000.
Nash, Penelope. Empress Adelheid and Countess Matilda: Medieval Female Rulership and the Foundations of European Society. New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 2018.
Paravicini Bagliani, Agostino. The Pope’s Body. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000.
Porter, A. Kingsley. Lombard Architecture. 4 vols. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1917.
Quintavalle, Arturo Carlo. “Matilda and the Cities of the Gregorian Reform.” In: Romanesque: Patrons and Processes, eds. Jordi Camps i Sòria, Manuel A. Castiñeiras, John McNeill, and Richard Plant, 79–106. New York: Routledge, 2018.
Reiche, Jens. “Die Älteste Skulptur am Modeneser Dom und die Herkunft Wiligelmos”. Mitteilungen Des Kunsthistorischen Institutes in Florenz, 47/2-3 (2003): 259–310.
Riversi, Eugenio. “Matilda and the Cities: Testing a "Figurational" Approach”. Storicamente, 13 (2017): 1-38. DOI: 10.12977/stor667
Robinson, Ian Stuart “The Friendship Network of Gregory VII”. History, 63 (1978): 1-22.
Rocca, Emilio Nasalli. “Parma e la Contessa Matilde.” In Studi Matildici. Atti e memoire del convegno di studi matildici (Modena e Reggio Emilia, 19-21 ottobre 1963), 53–68. Modena: Aedes Muratoriana, 1964.
Romano, John F. Liturgy and Society in Early Medieval Rome. Farnham Surrey: Ashgate, 2014.
Rossi, P. “Modena”. In Enciclopedia dell’Arte Medievale, vol. 8. Roma: Istituto dell'Enciclopedia italiana, 1997. https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/modena_%28Enciclopedia-dell%27-Arte-Medievale%29/(26/10/2024).
Schoenig, Steven A. Bonds of Wool: The Pallium and Papal Power in the Middle Ages. Washington, D.C: Catholic University of America Press, 2016.
Simeoni, Luigi. “I vescovi Eriberto e Dodone e le origini del Comune di Modena”. Atti e memorie: Deputazione storia patria per le antiche province modenesi, 8/2 (1949): 77–96.
Sprenger, Kai-Michael. “The Tiara in the Tiber: An Essay on the Damnatio in Memoria of Clement III (1084-1100) and Rome’s River as a Place of Oblivion and Memory”. Reti Medievali Rivista, 13/1 (2012): 153-174.
Tinti, Francesca. “The Pallium Privilege of Pope Nicholas II for Archbishop Ealdred of York”. The Journal of Ecclesiastical History 70/4 (2019): 708–30.
Travaini, Lucia. “Saints, Sinners and...a Cow: Offerings, Alms and Tokens of Memory.” In Money and the Church in Medieval Europe, 1000-1200: Practice, Morality and Thought, eds. Giles E. M. Gasper&Svein H. Gullbekk, 209–22. Burlington: Ashgate, 2015.
Witt, Ronald G. The Two Latin Cultures and the Foundation of Renaissance Humanism in Medieval Italy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.
Downloads
Pubblicato
Come citare
Fascicolo
Sezione
Licenza
Copyright (c) 2024 Blair Apgar
Questo lavoro è fornito con la licenza Creative Commons Attribuzione 4.0 Internazionale.
